RIVM research
RIVM research: The Coordination Point for Assessment and Monitoring of New Drugs (CAM) of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has conducted a comprehensive risk analysis regarding psilocybin and psilocin, active substances in plant products such as truffles and magic mushrooms. The analysis, which dates from 2000, shows that these substances do not pose significant risks to public health.
Psilocybin, converted to psilocin in the body, affects the serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to a temporary increase in serotonin and a temporary decrease in norepinephrine, dopamine and histamine concentrations. This affects various aspects such as memory, sleep, emotions, self-confidence, mood, appetite and orgasm. The effects of psilocybin typically last between 2 and 4 hours, but the insights gained can last for up to a month after use. In ceremonial sessions, psilocybin is used to support healing and processing trauma.
Key findings from the risk assessment are that there is no physical dependence with psilocybin use. Temporary physical symptoms such as dilated pupils, balance disturbances, paresthesias, nausea, coldness and drowsiness may occur, but these are not serious in nature. Mental dependence and addiction to psilocybin are considered negligible. Some users may find the experience enjoyable and choose to use it again.
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Toxicity of psilocybin
The toxicity of psilocybin is estimated to be 1.5 times that of caffeine, meaning it is considered harmless to the body. Flashbacks may occur, but these are limited to positive perceptions or possible panic or anxiety attacks. The risk of these side effects can be minimized by use in a safe environment and proper setting.
No signs of chronic toxicity or organ damage have been observed with long-term microdosing use. However, persons with labile mental states or mental disorders are not advised to use psilocybin.
Risks
Regarding crime, the risk analysis shows that psilocybin-containing products score low on the RIVM risk scale. There is little criminal interest in these products and no criminal involvement has been observed.
The risks to public order from psilocybin are estimated to be low. The substance does not cause a lowering of the violence threshold and incidents due to its use are rare. However, the user’s responsiveness can be negatively affected, which is important when participating in traffic after use.
In conclusion, the RIVM CAM in 2000 stated that there are no significant public health risks associated with the use of psilocybin or psilocin.